Tethys

Saturn III

   Tethys ( "TEE this" ) is the ninth of Saturn's known satellites:

        orbit:    294,660 km from Saturn
        diameter: 1060 km
        mass:     6.22e20 kg

   In Greek mythology Tethys was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus.

   Discovered by Cassini in 1684.

   Tethys' low density indicates that it is almost completely composed of water ice, similar to Dione and Rhea.

   The western hemisphere is dominated by a huge impact crater, called Odysseus, whose 400 km diameter is nearly 2/5 of that of Tethys itself (right). That such an impact didn't shatter Tethys completely indicates that it may have been liquid or at least not very solid at the time. The crater is now quite flat like the craters on Callisto, without the high ring mountains and central peaks commonly seen on the Moon and Mercury.

   The second major feature seen on Tethys is a huge valley (called Ithaca Chasma) 100 km wide and 3 to 5 km deep which runs 2000 km or 3/4 of the way around Tethys' circumference (above).

   Clearly then, Tethys has not always been frozen solid. At some point in its past it was probably liquid. The impact craters from that era have been smoothed out. As it froze and expanded, the surface must have cracked to make room for the extra volume producing Ithaca Chasma. The smaller impact craters we see today are more recent.

Telesto

Saturn XIII

   Telesto ("tah LESS toh") is the tenth of Saturn's known satellites:

        orbit:   294,660 km from Saturn
        diameter: 29 km (34 x 28 x 36)
        mass:     ?

   In Greek mythology Telesto was a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.

   Discovered by Smith, Reitsema, Larson and Fountain in 1980 from ground-based observations.

Calypso

Saturn XIV

   Calypso ("ka LIP so") is the eleventh of Saturn's known satellites:

        orbit:    294,660 km from Saturn
        diameter: 26 km (34 x 22 x 22)
        mass:     ?

   In Greek mythology Calypso was a sea nymph who delayed Odysseus on her island for seven years.

   Discovered by Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum and Currie in 1980 from ground-based observations with prototype cameras destined for the HST.

   Calypso and Telesto are among the smallest moons in the solar system.

   Note: the pictures of Calypso on the Voyager CD-ROMs are mislabeled; they're really pictures of Prometheus. Similarly, the pictures labeled Telesto are really pictures of Pandora. The only real pictures of Calypso and Telesto are the ones above.

Open Issues

• How did Telesto and Calypso end up in the Lagrange points? Are they remnants of a collision?