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Many animals and plants would have been destroyed in the first impact of the meteor, but even those living far away from where it hit would soon die. With no sun able to get through the dark clouds, it would get very cold and dark for years on end, and most of the plants would die. Herbivorous dinosaurs and many other herbivorous animals would starve to death. This would mean that there was no food for the meat-eating dinosaurs either.
At the same time, a great many volcanoes were erupting also, and this would have made the problem worse as they poured smoke and ash into the sky.