Daily Life

Women's Life

Attic Red Figure Kylix ca. 480-470 B.C.


Greek women had no political rights of any kind and were controlled by men at nearly every stage of their lives. The most important duties for a city&endash;dwelling woman were to bear children &endash; preferably male &endash; and to run the household. Duties of a rural woman included some of the agricultural work: the harvesting of olives and fruit was their responsibility, and the gathering of vegetables.

Women's Dress and Tiolet Articles Since men spent most of their time away from their houses, Greek home life was run by women. The wife was in charge of raising the children, spinning, weaving and sewing the family´s clothes. She supervised the daily running of the household. There were large numbers of female slaves available to cook, clean, and carry water from the fountain. Only in the poorest homes did the wife do these jobs herself. Male slaves responsibilities were mainly door&endash;keepers and tutors to the male children.

Images of Women and GoddessesGreek women only went outside the house to visit with their nearest female neighbors. This rule was very strict, except for weddings, funerals and state religious festivals in which women were expected to participate.

Vase scenes showing women inside their houses tend to have few details. The common showing of columns suggests that women spent much of their time in the courtyard of the house, the one place where they could regularly enjoy fresh air. Greek cooking equipment was small and light and could easily be set up there. In sunny weather, women probably sat in the roofed&endash;over areas of the courtyard, for it was fashionable to have a pale complexion. Only people who had to work outside all day had a suntan.


Attic Red Figure Kylix ca. 480&endash;470 B.C.

Attic Red Figure Kylix
ca. 480&endash;470 BC
By the Painter of Philadelphia 2449 and the potter Hieron Chiusi, Italy
MS 2449
A scene from the women´s quarter or gynaikonitis. Women talk while sitting on chairs. Two play the aulos (double reed instrument) and krotala (rattle). A standing woman holds a mirror. On the interior (shown above), an elegant woman, holding a box, lifts the lid of an inlaid chest.
H. 8.7; L. 29.8; Dia. 23.3 cm. Photos by Maria Daniels for the Perseus Project (larger version)


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